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Kyanite (Disthen)

Pictures (153 Images total)

schwarzer Disthen
Views (File:
1248292552
): 15123
schwarzer Disthen
Stufe 63x55 mm, Taquaral, Minas Gerais, Brasilien
Copyright: Embarak; Contribution: Embarak
Collection: Embarak
Location: Brasilien/Südosten (Região Sudeste)/Minas Gerais/Itinga/Taquaral
Mineral: Kyanite
Image: 1248292552
Rating: 9 (votes: 2)
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
schwarzer Disthen

Stufe 63x55 mm, Taquaral, Minas Gerais, Brasilien
Collection: Embarak
Copyright: Embarak
Contribution: Embarak 2009-07-22
Locality: Taquaral / Itinga / Minas Gerais / Südosten (Região Sudeste) / Brasilien
Kyanite
Views (File:
1457760476
): 11505
Kyanite
Perfect quality kyanite specimen, from São José da Safira, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Size 92 х 83 х 28 mm
Copyright: pegmatite; Contribution: pegmatite
Collection: pegmatite
Location: Brasilien/Südosten (Região Sudeste)/Minas Gerais/Doce-Tal/São José da Safira
Mineral: Kyanite
Image: 1457760476
Rating: 9 (votes: 2)
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
Kyanite

Perfect quality kyanite specimen, from São José da Safira, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Size 92 х 83 х 28 mm
Collection: pegmatite
Copyright: pegmatite
Contribution: pegmatite 2016-03-12
Locality: São José da Safira / Doce-Tal / Minas Gerais / Südosten (Região Sudeste) / Brasilien
Kyanite
Views (File:
1487400312
): 4228
Kyanite
Perfect quality, kyanite V-twin specimen, from Nani Hill, Loliondo, Ngorongoro district, Arusha Region, Tanzania; Size 30 х 25 х 10 mm
Copyright: pegmatite; Contribution: pegmatite
Location: Tansania/Arusha, Region/Loliondo/Nani
Mineral: Kyanite
Image: 1487400312
Rating: 9 (votes: 2)
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
Kyanite

Perfect quality, kyanite V-twin specimen, from Nani Hill, Loliondo, Ngorongoro district, Arusha Region, Tanzania; Size 30 х 25 х 10 mm
Copyright: pegmatite
Contribution: pegmatite 2017-02-18
Locality: Nani / Loliondo / Arusha, Region / Tansania
Kyanite
Views (File:
1392224645
): 12191
Kyanite
Perfect quality kyanite specimen, from São José da Safira, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Size 140 х 55 х 45 mm
Copyright: pegmatite; Contribution: pegmatite
Collection: pegmatite
Location: Brasilien/Südosten (Região Sudeste)/Minas Gerais/Doce-Tal/São José da Safira
Mineral: Kyanite
Image: 1392224645
Rating: 9 (votes: 1)
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
Kyanite

Perfect quality kyanite specimen, from São José da Safira, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Size 140 х 55 х 45 mm
Collection: pegmatite
Copyright: pegmatite
Contribution: pegmatite 2014-02-12
Locality: São José da Safira / Doce-Tal / Minas Gerais / Südosten (Região Sudeste) / Brasilien
Kyanite
Views (File:
1400248391
): 11424
Kyanite
Perfect quality kyanite crystal, from Dhaulagari valley, Kali Gandaki river region, West Central, Nepal; Size 62 х 20 х 8 mm
Copyright: pegmatite; Contribution: pegmatite
Collection: pegmatite
Location: Nepal/Gandaki, Provinz
Mineral: Kyanite
Image: 1400248391
Rating: 9 (votes: 1)
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
Kyanite

Perfect quality kyanite crystal, from Dhaulagari valley, Kali Gandaki river region, West Central, Nepal; Size 62 х 20 х 8 mm
Collection: pegmatite
Copyright: pegmatite
Contribution: pegmatite 2014-05-16
Locality: Gandaki, Provinz / Nepal

You find additional specimen at the Geolitho Museum

Collectors Summary

Color blau, weiß, grau, grün, schwarz, gelb, orange
Streak color weiß
Lustre Glasglanz, Perlmuttglanz
Hardness (Mohs) 5.50 - 7.00 (4,5 bis 5,5 || [001]; 6 bis 7 || [010])
Cleavages vollkommen nach {100}; deutlich nach {010}, Absonderungen nach (001)
Fracture faserig nach (001), gewellt nach (100)
Solubility - Säuren
Crystal System triklin, P1

Chemism

Chemical formula

Al2SiO5

Chemical composition

Aluminium, Silicium, Sauerstoff

Unit weight: 162.0457564 u; Number of atoms in the formula: 8

Info

Empirical formula:

Al2SiO5

Element

Symbol

Weight%

Atoms

Atoms%

Atom weight (u)

Sum weight (u)
Oxygen

O

49.37

5

62.50

15.9994300

79.9971500
Aluminium

Al

33.30

2

25.00

26.9815382

53.9630764
Silicon

Si

17.33

1

12.50

28.0855300

28.0855300

Analysis wt%

SiO2 : 36.76, Al2O3 : 62.74 (Ref: American Mineralogist 56)

Strunz 9th edition incl. updates

9.AF.15

9: Silikate (Germanate)
A: Inselsilikate (Nesosilikate)
F: Insel(Neso)silikate mit zusätzlichem Anionen; Kationen in [4], [5] und/oder nur [6] Koordination
15:Kyanit-Gruppe

Lapis Classification

VIII/B.02-040

VIII: SILIKATE
B: Inselsilikate mit tetraederfremden Anionen
2: Kationen in tetraedrischer oder oktaedrischer Koordination [4/6]

Classification by Hölzel

9.AG.150

9: SILICATES
A: Nesosilicates
G: Nesosilicates with Cation: O
1: C small Sillimanite-Group

Dana 8th edition

52.02.02c.01

52: Nesosilicates Nesosilicate Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O
02: Nesosilicates Nesosilicate Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and >[4] coordination
02c: Al2SiO5 (Kyanite subgroup)

IMA status

Anerkannt von der CNMNC

Mineral status

anerkanntes Mineral

Optical Properties

Color

blau, weiß, grau, grün, schwarz, gelb, orange

Streak color

weiß

Diaphaneity (Transparency)

durchscheinend bis transparent

Lustre

Glasglanz, Perlmuttglanz

max. Birefringence

0.015
Birefringence chart\! Kyanite title=Birefringence chart Kyanite

Michel-Levy Color Chart viewed according to the maximum birefringence (at 30μm). Mineral color is not taken into account. Click on the image to enlarge or change thickness.

RI value α / ω / n

1.712

RI value β

1.722

RI value γ / ε

1.727

Ri mean

1.720

2V angle

Biaxial (-) 75°

Optical Data Luminescence

Luminescence

Cr3+ als Aktivator wird gut bei 405 nm , weniger gut bei UV 365 nm/ 254 nm angeregt.

Color LW-UV (365nm)

  

rot

LW-UV Intensity

365 nm: schwach; 405 nm: deutlich

Color SW-UV (254nm)

  

rot

SW-UV Intensity

sehr schwach

Most Common Activator

Cr3+

Other Activators

Mn3+, Mn4+

Afterglow (Persistant Luminescence)

Mit bloßem Auge konnte keine Phosphoreszenz festgestellt werden.

Image ⇒ Luminescence ⇒ excitation ⇒ others (1 Images total)

Kyanit Lumineszenz bei 405nm Anregung
Views (File:
1663007679
): 178
Kyanit Lumineszenz bei 405nm Anregung
Kyanit, Emission von Cr3+ am Platz von Al3+, Anregung Laser 405 nm; BB 36.4mm. Barra do Salinas, Coronel Murta, Minas Gerais, Brasilien.
Copyright: Lynx; Contribution: Lynx
Collection: Lynx
Location: Brasilien/Südosten (Região Sudeste)/Minas Gerais/Coronel Murta/Barra do Salinas
Mineral: Kyanite
Image: 1663007679
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
Kyanit Lumineszenz bei 405nm Anregung

Kyanit, Emission von Cr3+ am Platz von Al3+, Anregung Laser 405 nm; BB 36.4mm. Barra do Salinas, Coronel Murta, Minas Gerais, Brasilien.
Collection: Lynx
Copyright: Lynx
Contribution: Lynx 2022-09-12
Locality: Barra do Salinas / Coronel Murta / Minas Gerais / Südosten (Região Sudeste) / Brasilien

Image ⇒ Analyses data ⇒ Fluorescence spectral analysis (1 Images total)

Kyanit, Emission von Cr<sup>3+</sup>
Views (File:
1668035415
): 127
Kyanit, Emission von Cr3+
Emissionsspektrum von Cr3+ (Anregung 405nm) in Kyanit (Fundort: Barra do Salinas, Brasilien).
Copyright: Lynx; Contribution: Lynx
Collection: Lynx
Location: Brasilien/Südosten (Região Sudeste)/Minas Gerais/Coronel Murta/Barra do Salinas
Mineral: Kyanite
Image: 1668035415
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
Kyanit, Emission von Cr3+

Emissionsspektrum von Cr3+ (Anregung 405nm) in Kyanit (Fundort: Barra do Salinas, Brasilien).
Collection: Lynx
Copyright: Lynx
Contribution: Lynx 2022-11-09
Locality: Barra do Salinas / Coronel Murta / Minas Gerais / Südosten (Região Sudeste) / Brasilien

Crystallography

Crystal System

triklin

Class (H-M)

1

Space Group number

2

Space Group

P1

Cell parameters a (Å)

7.10

Cell parameters b (Å)

7.74

Cell parameters c (Å)

5.57

Cell parameters a/b or c/a

0.917

Cell parameters c/b

0.720

Cell parameters α

90.10

Cell parameters β

101.3

Cell parameters γ

105.75

Z

4

Volume (ų)

288.401

X-Ray Powder Diffraction

3.35(100),
3.18(60),
2.696(40),
2.509(50),
2.350(40),
2.159(20),
1.960(50),
1.929(80)
XRD chart Kyanite

Calculated from d-spacing and intensity at 0.1541838 nm (Cu)

Crystals 3D

Open larger view

Crystal Structure 3D

Open larger view

Physical Properties

Hardness (Mohs)

5.50 - 7.00 (4,5 bis 5,5 || [001]; 6 bis 7 || [010])

VHN (Hardness Vickers)

771 (50g)!

Density (g/cm³)

3.56 - 3.67 / Durchschnittlich = 3.61

3.732 ( ρ calc. Mineralienatlas )

Cleavages

vollkommen nach {100}; deutlich nach {010}, Absonderungen nach (001)

Fracture

faserig nach (001), gewellt nach (100)

Instability

- Säuren

Chemical Properties and Tests

in HF nur schwer löslich

Preface

Occurrences

in metamorphem Gestein, komprimiert durch hohe Temperatur und hohem Druck, zB Gneis, aber auch in Pegmatit.

Name from

dem griechischen kyanos - blau

Author (Name, Year)

Werner, 1789

Relevance, Usage

wird zur Herstellung feuerfester Stoffe verwendet

Additional Information

Der Name Kyanit ist aus dem Griechischen und bedeutet `dunkelblau`. Der alternative Name Disthen steht für `Zwei Härten`.
Bei orangem Kyanit ist vermutlich Mn3+ das farbgebende Ion: in orangem Kyanit wurden bis 100 ppm Mn festgestellt, während in blauem Kyanit durchschnittlich lediglich 14 ppm Mn enthalten sind (Gaft 2011). Als Lumineszenzzentren in diesen Kyaniten treten wohl Cr3+, Mn3+ und Mn4+ auf (Gaft 2011).

Gaft, M., Nagli, L., Panczer, G., Rossman, G. R., & Reisfeld, R. (2011). Laser-induced time-resolved luminescence of orange kyanite Al2SiO5. Optical Materials, 33(10), 1476-1480.

References

Kerrick, D. M. (1990). The Al2Si05 polymorphs. Reviews in mineralogy, 22.

Platonov, A. N., Tarashchan, A. N., Langer, K., Andrut, M., Partzsch, G., & Matsyuk, S. S. (1998). Electronic absorption and luminescence spectroscopic studies of kyanite single crystals: differentiation between excitation of FeTi charge transfer and Cr3+ dd transitions. Physics and chemistry of minerals, 25(3), 203-212.

Wojtowicz, A. J. (1991). Luminescence of Cr3+ in kyanite. Journal of luminescence, 50(4), 221-230.

Other languages

Spanish

Cianita

French

Cyanite

Polish

Dysten

Esperanto

Kianito

Dutch

Kyaniet

Finnish

Kyaniitti

German

Kyanit

Swedish

Kyanit

English

Kyanite

Estonian

Küaniit

Russian

Кианит

Hebrew

קיאניט

Simplified Chinese

蓝晶石

Japanese

藍晶石

Alternative Name

English

Chromdisthene

German

Cianit

English

Cianite

German

Cyanit

Distene

Disthen

English

Disthene

French

Disthène

Croatian

Kianit

Hungarian

Kianit

Spanish

Kyanita

German

Munkrudit

Spanish

Munkrudita

English

Munkrudite

Rhaeticite

English

Rhaetizite

German

Rhätizit

German

Riemenstein

German

Saphirspath

English

Sapparite

Hebrew

קיאנייט

CNMNC symbol

Symbol

Ky

Rock part of

 
Rocks

 
 
metamorphic rocks and metasediments

 
 
 
foliated metamorphic rock

 
 
 
 
non-mylonitic foliated metamorphic rock

 
 
 
 
 
schistose rock

 
 
 
 
 
 
schist

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
greenschist

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leucophyllite  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
mica schist

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
garnet mica schist

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
disthene garnet mica schist  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
radentheinite  

Refresh list | View legend

Hint

- Essential mineral - Important for the classification of the rock.
- Accessory or non-essential mineral - this minerals are common, sometimes major part of, but are not always present.

Actuality: 03. Dec 2024 - 17:34:21

Locations with GPS information

IDs

GUSID (Global unique identifier short form) Qhr1pQSjcUS7NInshoKGJg
GUID (Global unique identifier) A5F51A42-A304-4471-BB34-89EC86828626
Database ID 2102