Kalahari Manganese Field, Nordkap, ZA
Useful for image descriptions and collection inscriptions
Important: Before entering this or any other place of discovery you should have a permission of the operator and/or owner. Likewise it is to be respected that necessary safety precautions are kept during the visit.
Ein besonders schöner und gut ausgebildeter Sturmanit-Kristall (selten transparent)
von ca. 4 mm Größe. Gefunden in N'Chwaning, Kalahari Mangan Felder, Süd Afrika
Die Manganlagerstätten der Kalahari Manganese Fields (KMF) liegen südlich der Großen Kalahari-Wüste in der Northern Cape Provinz von Südafrika, ca. 60 km nordwestlich des Städtchens Kuruman und ca. 700 km südwestlich von Johannesburg. Sie erstrecken sich ost-westlich über 17 km und nord-südlich über 45 km.
Die Manganvorkommen wurden erstmals 1907 beschrieben, jedoch erst in den 1940er Jahren eingehend exploriert (wenngleich der Abbau von Mn-Erz bereits 1935-1940 in der jetzt aufgelassenen Grube Black Rock betrieben wurde). N'Chwaning wurde 1972 begonnen.
Die KMF stehen für 80 % der weltweiten hochgradigen Manganerz-Reserven, sind der weltweit größte Produzent von Mangan und decken zur Zeit ca. 20 % des Weltbedarfs.
Hexiong Yang; Xiangping Gu; Robert T. Downs; Stanley H. Evans; Jaco J. Van Nieuwenhuizen; Robert M. Lavinsky; Xiande Xie: Meieranite, Na2Sr3MgSi6O17, a New Mineral from the Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 57, Nr. 4 (2019) S. 457-466. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Hotazel/Wessel's Mine (Wessels Mine))
Gerald Giester; Christian L. Lengauer; Chutimun Chanmuang N.; Dan Topa; Jens Gutzmer, Karl-Ludwig von Bezing: Saccoite, Ca2Mn +32F(OH)8â‹…0.5(SO4), a new, microporous mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine Vol. 86, Nr. 5 (2022) S. 814-820. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
stammt von der N'Chwaning II Mine (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
Gerald Giester; Christian L. Lengauer; Chutimun Chanmuang N.; Dan Topa; Jens Gutzmer, Karl-Ludwig von Bezing: Saccoite, Ca2Mn +32F(OH)8â‹…0.5(SO4), a new, microporous mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine Vol. 86, Nr. 5 (2022) S. 814-820. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
Gerald Giester; Christian L. Lengauer; Chutimun Chanmuang N.; Dan Topa; Jens Gutzmer, Karl-Ludwig von Bezing: Saccoite, Ca2Mn +32F(OH)8â‹…0.5(SO4), a new, microporous mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine Vol. 86, Nr. 5 (2022) S. 814-820. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
L.L. Coetzee; J. Gutzmer; A.J.B. Smith; N.J. Beukes: Mineralogy and mineral paragenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic manganese ores of the Avontuur deposit of the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology Vol. 127, Nr. 1 (2024) S. 31-54. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Avontuur Lagerstätte)
Gerald Giester; Christian L. Lengauer; Chutimun Chanmuang N.; Dan Topa; Jens Gutzmer, Karl-Ludwig von Bezing: Saccoite, Ca2Mn +32F(OH)8â‹…0.5(SO4), a new, microporous mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine Vol. 86, Nr. 5 (2022) S. 814-820. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
Nicholas Andrew Vafeas; K.S. Viljoen; Lauren Cher Blignaut: Characterization of Fibrous Cryptomelane from the Todorokite-cryptomelane Mineral Assemblage At the Sebilo Mine, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist Vol.56, Nr.1 (2018) S. 65-76.
Rumsey, M.S., Welch, M.D. and Spratt, J. (2013) Diegogattaite, IMA 2012-096. CNMNC Newsletter No. 16, August 2013, page 2704; Mineralogical Magazine, 77, 2695-2709.
M. S. Rumsey, M. D. Welch, A. R. Kampf, J. Spratt, A. Christy: Diegogattaite, Na2CaCu2Si8O20·H2O: a new nanoporous copper sheet silicate from Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, Republic of South Africa. Mineral Mag Vol. 77, Nr. 8 (2013) S. 3155-3162. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Hotazel/Wessel's Mine (Wessels Mine))
L.L. Coetzee; J. Gutzmer; A.J.B. Smith; N.J. Beukes: Mineralogy and mineral paragenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic manganese ores of the Avontuur deposit of the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology Vol. 127, Nr. 1 (2024) S. 31-54. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Avontuur Lagerstätte)
Rosa Micaela Danisi, Thomas Armbruster: Crystal structure of potassic-mangani-leakeite from the Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. European Journal of Mineralogy Vol. 29, Nr. 1 (2017) S. 143-148. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Hotazel/Wessel's Mine (Wessels Mine))
Gerald Giester; Christian L. Lengauer; Chutimun Chanmuang N.; Dan Topa; Jens Gutzmer, Karl-Ludwig von Bezing: Saccoite, Ca2Mn +32F(OH)8â‹…0.5(SO4), a new, microporous mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine Vol. 86, Nr. 5 (2022) S. 814-820. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
L.L. Coetzee; J. Gutzmer; A.J.B. Smith; N.J. Beukes: Mineralogy and mineral paragenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic manganese ores of the Avontuur deposit of the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology Vol. 127, Nr. 1 (2024) S. 31-54. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Avontuur Lagerstätte)
L.L. Coetzee; J. Gutzmer; A.J.B. Smith; N.J. Beukes: Mineralogy and mineral paragenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic manganese ores of the Avontuur deposit of the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology Vol. 127, Nr. 1 (2024) S. 31-54. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Avontuur Lagerstätte)
stammt von der N'Chwaning II Mine (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
Neue Mineralien - IMA Web-Seite November 2009 (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning II Mine)
Gerald Giester; Christian L. Lengauer; Chutimun Chanmuang N.; Dan Topa; Jens Gutzmer, Karl-Ludwig von Bezing: Saccoite, Ca2Mn +32F(OH)8â‹…0.5(SO4), a new, microporous mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine Vol. 86, Nr. 5 (2022) S. 814-820. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
L.L. Coetzee; J. Gutzmer; A.J.B. Smith; N.J. Beukes: Mineralogy and mineral paragenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic manganese ores of the Avontuur deposit of the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology Vol. 127, Nr. 1 (2024) S. 31-54. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Avontuur Lagerstätte)
Yang, H., Gu, X., and Scott, M. M.: Hydroxymcglassonite-(K), IMA 2020-066, in: CNMNC Newsletter 59, Eur. J. Mineral., 33, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-139-2021, 2021.
Hexiong Yang; Xiangping Gu; Michael M. Scott: Hydroxymcglassonite-(K), KSr4Si8O20(OH)·8H2O, the first Sr-bearing member of the apophyllite group, from the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. American Mineralogist Vol. 107, Nr. 9 (2022) S. 1818-1822. doi: 10.2138/am-2022-8210 (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Hotazel/Wessel's Mine (Wessels Mine))
L.L. Coetzee; J. Gutzmer; A.J.B. Smith; N.J. Beukes: Mineralogy and mineral paragenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic manganese ores of the Avontuur deposit of the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology Vol. 127, Nr. 1 (2024) S. 31-54. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Avontuur Lagerstätte)
Nikita V. Chukanov, Natalia V. Zubkova, Leonid A. Pautov, Jörg Göttlicher, Anatoly V. Kasatkin, Konstantin V. Van, Dmitriy A. Ksenofontov, Igor V. Pekov, Svetlana A. Vozchikova, Dmitry Yu. Pushcharovsky: Jouravskite: refined data on the crystal structure, chemical composition and spectroscopic properties. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals Volume 46, Issue 4 (2019) S. 417–425. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
L.L. Coetzee; J. Gutzmer; A.J.B. Smith; N.J. Beukes: Mineralogy and mineral paragenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic manganese ores of the Avontuur deposit of the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology Vol. 127, Nr. 1 (2024) S. 31-54. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Avontuur Lagerstätte)
T. Armbruster et al. (2002) Min. Mag. 66, 137-150 (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning II Mine)
Hexiong Yang; Xiangping Gu; Robert T. Downs; Stanley H. Evans; Jaco J. Van Nieuwenhuizen; Robert M. Lavinsky; Xiande Xie: Meieranite, Na2Sr3MgSi6O17, a New Mineral from the Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 57, Nr. 4 (2019) S. 457-466.
Bonazzi, P., Bindi, L., Medenbach, O., Pagano, R., Lampronti, Menchetti, S. (2007): Olmiite, CaMn[SiO3(OH)](OH), the Mn-dominant analogue of poldervaartite, a new mineral species from Kalahari manganese fields (Republic of South Africa), Mineralogical Magazine, 71, 193-291. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning II Mine)
Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doct. diss., Rand Afrikaans Univ.). (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field)
Hexiong Yang; Xiangping Gu; Robert T. Downs; Stanley H. Evans; Jaco J. Van Nieuwenhuizen; Robert M. Lavinsky; Xiande Xie: Meieranite, Na2Sr3MgSi6O17, a New Mineral from the Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 57, Nr. 4 (2019) S. 457-466. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Hotazel/Wessel's Mine (Wessels Mine))
Rosa Micaela Danisi, Thomas Armbruster: Crystal structure of potassic-mangani-leakeite from the Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. European Journal of Mineralogy Vol. 29, Nr. 1 (2017) S. 143-148. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Hotazel/Wessel's Mine (Wessels Mine))
Marlina Elburg, Bruce Cairncross: Controls on the geochemistry of southern African prehnite. South African Journal of Geology Vol. 125. Nr. 1 (2022) S. 113-122. DOI: 10.25131/sajg.125.0007 (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning II Mine)
Quarz (Amethyst) stammt von der N'Chwaning II Mine (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
L.L. Coetzee; J. Gutzmer; A.J.B. Smith; N.J. Beukes: Mineralogy and mineral paragenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic manganese ores of the Avontuur deposit of the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology Vol. 127, Nr. 1 (2024) S. 31-54. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Avontuur Lagerstätte)
Giester, G., Lengauer, C.L., Topa, D., Gutzmer, J. and Von Bezing, K.-L. (2019) Saccoite, IMA 2019-056. CNMNC Newsletter No. 52; Mineralogical Magazine, 83, https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2019.73
Gerald Giester; Christian L. Lengauer; Chutimun Chanmuang N.; Dan Topa; Jens Gutzmer, Karl-Ludwig von Bezing: Saccoite, Ca2Mn +32F(OH)8â‹…0.5(SO4), a new, microporous mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine Vol. 86, Nr. 5 (2022) S. 814-820. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
In den 1980er Jahren gab es wenige Stufen in Form von olivgrüner Schalenblende bis 2 mm Dicke auf Calcit. 2011 wurden wieder ein paar solcher Stufen geborgen. Wahrscheinlich wurde die selbe Druse wieder angeschnitten. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Hotazel/Wessel's Mine (Wessels Mine))
Kristalle im Mikromountbereich. Abgesehen davon gab es in den 1980er Jahren wenige Stufen in Form von olivgrüner Schalenblende bis 2 mm Dicke auf Calcit. 2011 wurden wieder ein paar solcher Stufen geborgen. Wahrscheinlich wurde die Druse wieder aufgemacht. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Hotazel/Wessel's Mine (Wessels Mine))
Hexiong Yang; Xiangping Gu; Bruce Cairncross; Robert T. Downs; Stanley H. Evans: Taniajacoite and Strontioruizite, Two New Minerals Isostructural with Ruizite from the N'Chwaning III Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 59, Nr. 2 (2021) S. 431-444. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
Gerald Giester; Christian L. Lengauer; Chutimun Chanmuang N.; Dan Topa; Jens Gutzmer, Karl-Ludwig von Bezing: Saccoite, Ca2Mn +32F(OH)8â‹…0.5(SO4), a new, microporous mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine Vol. 86, Nr. 5 (2022) S. 814-820. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning III Mine)
Yu. D. Gritsenko, S. K. Dedushenko, M. F. Vigasina, L. A. Pautov, Ya. V. Golubev, L. P. Ogorodova, D. A. Ksenofontov, L. V. Melchakova, Yu. D. Perfilyev: Manganese Sturmanite from the N’Chwaning 2 Mine, Kalahari, South Africa. Geology of Ore Deposits Vol. 65 (2023) S. 722–733. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning II Mine)
Hexiong Yang; Xiangping Gu; Robert T. Downs; Stanley H. Evans; Jaco J. Van Nieuwenhuizen; Robert M. Lavinsky; Xiande Xie: Meieranite, Na2Sr3MgSi6O17, a New Mineral from the Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 57, Nr. 4 (2019) S. 457-466. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Hotazel/Wessel's Mine (Wessels Mine))
Hexiong Yang; Xiangping Gu; Bruce Cairncross; Robert T. Downs; Stanley H. Evans: Taniajacoite and Strontioruizite, Two New Minerals Isostructural with Ruizite from the N'Chwaning III Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 59, Nr. 2 (2021) S. 431-444.
L.L. Coetzee; J. Gutzmer; A.J.B. Smith; N.J. Beukes: Mineralogy and mineral paragenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic manganese ores of the Avontuur deposit of the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology Vol. 127, Nr. 1 (2024) S. 31-54. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Avontuur Lagerstätte)
Cristian Biagioni, Elena Bonaccorsi, Marco Lezzerini, Marco Merlini, Stefano Merlino: Thermal behaviour of tobermorite from N’Chwaning II mine (Kalahari Manganese Field, Republic of South Africa). I. Thermo-gravimetric and X-ray diffraction studies. Eur J Mineral Vol. 24, Nr. 6 (2012) S. 981-989. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Kuruman/N'Chwaning Mines (NChwaning Mines)/N'Chwaning II Mine)
Nicholas Andrew Vafeas; K.S. Viljoen; Lauren Cher Blignaut: Characterization of Fibrous Cryptomelane from the Todorokite-cryptomelane Mineral Assemblage At the Sebilo Mine, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist Vol.56, Nr.1 (2018) S. 65-76. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Sebilo Mine)
Dai, Y., G. E. Harlow: Description and crystal structure of vonbezingite, a new Ca-Cu-SO4-H2O mineral from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. American Mineralogist Vol. 77 (1992) S. 1292–1300. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Hotazel/Wessel's Mine (Wessels Mine))
Mineral -> approved mineral Mineral (TL) -> mineral type locality Mineral -> not approved mineral -> pictures present 5 -> number of part localities with these mineral M -> Link to common mineral page i -> Information etc. r -> Reference Mineral ? -> Occurrence douptful
L.L. Coetzee; J. Gutzmer; A.J.B. Smith; N.J. Beukes: Mineralogy and mineral paragenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic manganese ores of the Avontuur deposit of the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology Vol. 127, Nr. 1 (2024) S. 31-54. (Nordkap (Northern Cape), Provinz/Kalahari Manganese Field/Avontuur Lagerstätte)
Rock -> name of the rock Rock (TL) -> rock type locality -> pictures present 5 -> number of part localities with these rock R -> Link to common rock page i -> Information etc. r -> Reference Rock ? -> Occurrence douptful
Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (2002). Spectacular Minerals from the Kalahari Manganese Field, S Africa. Rocks & Min., Vol.77, H.2, S.94-107.
Reference- and Source indication, Literature
Literatur
Du Toit, A.L. (1956): The geology of South Africa.
De Villiers, P.R. (1970). The geology and mineralogy of the Kalahari manganese-field north of Sishen, Cape Province. Memoir of the Geological Survey of South Africa, No. 59, 84 S.
S.A. Manganese Corporation SAMCOR Ltd. (1977). Kalahari Wealth, the Story of Manganese. Purnell, Cape Town, 174 S.
Wilson, W.E. & Dunn, P.J. (1978): Famous mineral localities: The Kalahari Manganese Field (Cape Province, S Africa). Min.Rec.:9, S.137-153.
Wilson, W.E. & Dunn, P.J. (1978). Kalahari: Die Manganerzvorkommen der Kalahari. Lapis, Jg.3, Nr.10, S.29-37.
Kleyenstüber, A.S.E. (1982). A review of the geology and mining of the Kalahari manganese field. In: Glen, H.W. (ed.). Proc., 12th CMMI Congress. Geol. Soc. South Africa, Johannesburg, 213–20.
Pienaar, H.S. (1982). Gem quality friedelite from the Kalahari manganese field near Kuruman, South Africa. Gems and Gemology, 18, 221–24.
Giovanoli, R. (1984). Lapis Aktuell: Manganmineralien. Lapis, Jg.9, Nr.9, S.6.
Hochleitner, R. (1986). Sturmanit und Ettringit aus den Kalahari-Manganfeldern. Lapis, Jg.11, Nr.10, S.19-24.
Miyano, T. and Beukes, N.J. (1987). Physicochemical environments for the formation of quartz-free manganese oxide ores from the Early Proterozoic Hotazel Formation, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Econ. Geol., 82, 706–18.
Miyano, T. and Beukes, N.J. (1988). Estimation of carbon dioxide fugacity and braunite II stability in quartz-free manganese oxide ores from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. South African J. Science, 84, 244–46.
Von Bezing, K.L., Dixon, R.D., Pohl, D. & Cavallo, G. (1991). The Kalahari Manganese Field: An Update. Min. Rec., Vol.22, H.4, S.279-97.
Kleyenstüber, A.S.E. (1993). Some significant characteristics of the manganese ores and some of the minerals occurring in the Proterozoic Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Resource Geology, 17, 2–11
Bezing, L.v. & Gutzmer, J. (1994). Das Kalahari Manganerzfeld und seine Mineralien (I). Min.-Welt, Jg.5, Nr.4, S.24-45.
Bezing, L.v. & Gutzmer, J. (1994). Das Kalahari Manganerzfeld und seine Mineralien (II). Min.-Welt. Jg.5, Nr.5, S.41-59.
Hoffmann, C. & Armbruster, T. (1995). Crystal structure of a (001) twinned sussexite Mn2B2O4(OH)2 from the Kalahari Manganese Field S Africa. Schweiz. Min. Petrogr. Mitt., 75, S.123-33.
Cairncross, B. and R. Dixon (1995). Minerals of South Africa.
Cornell, D.H. and Schütte, S.S. (1995). A volcanic-exhalative origin for the world’s largest (Kalahari) manganese field. Min. Depos., 30, 146–51.
Gutzmer, J. and Beukes, N.J. (1995). Fault controlled metasomatic alteration of Early Proterozoic sedimentary manganese ores in the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Econ. Geol., 90, 823–44.
Gutzmer, J., Beukes, N.J., Kleyenstüber, A.S.E. and Burger, A.M. (1995). Magnetic hausmannite from hydrothermally altered manganese ore in the Palaeoproterozoic Kalahari manganese deposit, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 59, 703–716.
Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doct. diss., Rand Afrikaans Univ.).
Gutzmer, J. and Beukes, N.J. (1996). Mineral paragenesis of the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Ore Geol. Rev., 11, 405–28.
Gutzmer, J., Beukes, N.J. and Yeh, H-W. (1997). Metasomatic and supergene fault-controlled alteration of Early Proterozoic sedimentary manganese ore at Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. South African J. Geol., 100, 53–71.
Tsikos, H. and Moore, J.M. (1997). Petrography and geochemistry of the Paleoproterozoic Hotazel Iron-Manganese Formation, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa: Implications for Precambrian manganese metallogenesis. Econ. Geol., 92, 87–97.
Cairncross, B., Beukes, N. & Gutzmer, J. (1997): The manganese adventure - the South African manganese fields.
Tsikos, H. and Moore, J.M. (1998). The Kalahari manganese field: An enigmatic association of iron and manganese. South African J. Geol., 101, 287–90.
Lüders, V., Gutzmer, J., Beukes, N.J. (1999). Formation of high-grade manganese ores in the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa: Evidence from fluid inclusions studies in co-genetic iron and manganese oxides, and gangue minerals. In: Stanley et al. (ed.). Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing. Balkema, Rotterdam, 55–58.
Cairncross, B. & Gutzmer, J. (2000). Spektakuläre Mineralien aus dem Kalahari-Manganerzfeld, Südafrika. Lapis, Jg.25, Nr.10, S.13-26.
Gutzmer, J. and Beukes, N.J. (2000). Asbestiform manjiroite and todorokite from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. South African J. Geol., 103, 163–74.
Steyn, P.H.R. (2000). Changing tides: the story of ASSMANG. Associated Manganese Mines of South Africa, Johannesburg, 274 S.
Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (2001). Seltene Mineralien aus dem Kalahari-Manganerzfeld, Südafrika. Lapis, Jg.26, Nr.10, S.31-42.
Evans, D.A.D., Gutzmer, J., Beukes, N.J., Kirschvink, J.L. (2001). Paleomagnetic constraints on ages of mineralization in the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Econ. Geol., 96, 621–31.
Gutzmer, J. & Cairncross, B. (2002). Spectacular Minerals from the Kalahari Manganese Field, S Africa. Rocks & Min., Vol.77, H.2, S.94-107.
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